What is Transformer?
A transformer is a vital component in electrical power systems, responsible for adjusting voltage levels by either increasing (boosting) or decreasing (reducing) them as required. This function is essential for efficiently delivering electricity from power plants to residential, commercial, and industrial areas.
What is the Function of a Transformer?
1. Voltage Conversion
A transformer can increase or decrease electrical voltage. For instance, electricity generated at a power plant is at a high voltage, which is then lowered to a safer level for household use.
2. Long-Distance Electricity Transmission
Electricity needs to be transmitted over long distances. By raising the voltage, the electric current decreases, which helps reduce energy loss during transmission.
3. Transformer Can Improve Efficiency
By lowering the electrical current during transmission, transformers enhance energy efficiency and optimize the electrical system.
4. Ensuring Safety
Transformers reduce electrical voltage to a safe level before reaching homes or buildings, helping prevent risks like fires or electric shocks.
5. Magnetic Field Operation
A transformer operates based on magnetic field principles. When electricity flows through the primary winding (first coil), it generates a magnetic field, which then induces an electric current in the secondary winding (second coil).
Why Are Transformers Important?
✅ Energy Savings
By lowering the electrical current during transmission, transformers aid in energy conservation.
✅ Safety
Transformers reduce electrical voltage to a safe level before being used in homes or buildings.
✅ Versatility
Transformers are versatile and can be installed in different locations, including outdoor sites like power plants and indoor spaces like office buildings.
Types of Transformer
1. Based on Usage
Transformers are classified into power transformers, distribution transformers, and measuring transformers.
Power Transformer
A power transformer is a sizable device designed for high-voltage applications exceeding 33KV. It is commonly found in power plants and transmission substations, offering strong insulation properties.
2. Distribution Transformer
This transformer delivers electricity from power plants to remote areas. It is typically used to distribute electrical energy at lower voltages, below 33KV for industrial applications and 440V-220V for residential use.
Characteristics of Distribution Transformer:
✔ Low efficiency (50-70%)
✔ Small size
✔ Easy installation
✔ Low magnetic losses
✔ Does not consistently run at maximum capacity
Distribution transformers are categorized according to their installation site, insulation method, number of phases, voltage rating, and Basic Impulse Insulation Level (BIL).
3. Measuring Transformer
These transformers are used to measure electrical values like voltage, current, and power. Types include:
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Potential Transformer (Voltage Transformer – VT)
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- VT 20-110 30VA Class 0.5 1.9/8H 50Hz
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- The primary winding is linked to the high-voltage line for measurement
- Measuring devices such as meters are connected to the secondary winding.
- Lowers voltage to a safe level for measurement.
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Current Transformer (CT)
- CT 200-400/5-5 15VA Class 0.5 24KV 50Hz
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- Used for electrical measurement and protection.
- The primary winding is installed in series with the main power source
- The secondary winding is connected to measuring instruments such as voltmeters, ammeters, protective relays, or wattmeters.
Types of Transformers Based on Insulation
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Oil-Filled Transformer
TRAFO OIL 1000KVA AL-AL TYPE HERMATICALY SEALED B&D
Also referred to as an oil-filled transformer, this type utilizes oil cooling to control temperature. The transformer's body is enclosed in a welded steel tank containing insulating oil. During operation, heat generated by the coil and iron core is absorbed by the oil and then dissipated through the cooling medium. Depending on capacity, oil transformers are categorized into:
✔ Natural cooling transformers
✔ Forced air-cooled transformers
They are commonly utilized in power plants, substations, and various other sites.
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Dry-Type Transformer
TRAFO DRY 1600KVA AL-AL TYPE CAST RESIN B&D
Unlike oil-filled transformers, dry-type transformers rely on air insulation instead of insulating fluids. Their windings and core are housed in a sealed tank with pressurized air. They feature:
✔ Utilizes advanced vacuum pressure casting technology, resulting in a compact, lightweight design.
✔ Features enamel-coated windings, enabling direct indoor installation without the need for an oil tank or cooling system.
✔ Ensures high safety standards, reducing fire risks associated with oil leaks.
✔ Suitability for indoor applications.
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